So far:
I have Porteus 4 installled in my HDD (ext4 filesystem), with mate desktop. Logged as guest.
Following the indications of Printing and scanning for Porteus I have downloaded 007-printing-x86_64-2018-04-21.xzm for Porteus-v4.0 (as posted by Blaze 21 April 2018) and 007-printing-mate-dep-colord-1.3.5-x86_64-2018-04-21.xzm, renamed both from 007-... to 0.7-..., placed them in porteus/base folder and rebooted.
Then, through Print Settings I have configured the printer (Canon MF4140) without apparent problems. Now I can scan (at least with Simple Scan), but I can't print.
Printer Settings shows:
Device url: usb://Canon/MF4100%20Series?serial=SDF710213668P&interface=1
Make and Model: Canon MF4100 Series UFRII LT
Printer state: Idle
Connected to localhost
but when I try to print (from LibreOffice), it doesn't print anything. However, the 'Document Print Status' shows it as "completed"

For what is worth: I can print with the same printer in the same computer under Linux Mint, and I have the specific drivers for the printer, but in deb / rpm packages